Eleventh. Hebrew, "twelfth." Septuagint, "first of the twelfth month of the twelfth year." There are other variations in the versions. St. Jerome reads the first in Hebrew, as Theodoret does, who says that it and the Syriac have the twelfth year: which is true, if we neglect the points. (Calmet) --- The prophets do not observe the order of times. What is here delivered, was sooner fulfilled; or Tyre and Sodom lay nearer than Egypt. (Worthington) --- The three next chapters regard that country.

Pharao, Ephree, Jeremias xliv 30. He came to assist Sedecias; but the Chaldeans raised the siege, went to meet him, an defeated his army. After they had subdued the neighbouring nations, Tyre, &c., they fell upon Egypt. (The year of the world 3433.) (Calmet)

Dragon. Hebrew tannin, (Haydock) whence thunnus may be derived, means any water monster, and seems here put for the crocodile, (Calmet) which Pharao signifies. (Grotius) --- It was the symbol of Egypt, (Calmet) and adored by the people, Jeremias xv. 2. --- Rivers; the different branches of the Nile, and the canals. --- Myself. I owe my power to no other. (Calmet) --- "Apries is said to think that no god could deprive him of the kingdom, so well he seemed to have established it." (Herodotus ii. 169.) --- So the ancient Pharao said; I know not the Lord, Exodus v. 2. He boasts of having conducted the waters of the Nile through the land, ver. 9. (Menochius) --- This river was honoured as the greatest of the gods. (Heliod. 9.) ---Terra suis contenta bonis non indiga mercis

Aut Jovis; in solo tanta est fiducia Nilo. (Lucan viii.)

Bridle. The Tentyrians jump upon the crocodile's back, give it a club to bite at, which they seize with both hands, and bring it to the shore. (Pliny, [Natural History?] viii. 25.) --- Others throw a hook baited with swine's flesh, and holding the rope on the shore, make a little pig squeak, with draws the attention of the crocodile; and, as it comes for its prey, it swallows the hook, and its eyes being filled with dust is easily slain. (Herodotus ii. 70.) --- Apries sent an army against Cyrene, which being defeated as it was thought by the king's fault, many of the Egyptians revolted. He sent Amasis, entered Egypt, drove Apries into Higher Egypt, slew many of the inhabitants, and Jews, &c., and left Amasis to govern the wretched remains of the kingdom. (Usher, the year of the world 3430.) The Scripture, however, seems to say that Pharao was slain; (Jeremias xliii., &c.; Calmet) which Ctesias assures us was done by Amasis, though Herodotus (ii. 169.) says he was killed by the people, and buried with his fathers. This latter circumstance is not very probable: but the historian followed the account of the priests, who would mention what was most honourable for the nation. He seems to have been left unburied, ver. 5. Scales. The people depended on the king and share his fate. (Calmet)

Israel, tempting them to rebel. (St. Jerome) --- He promised more than he was able or strove to perform, though he made a show of giving aid.

Loins. They fell upon thee, and thou didst wound (Calmet) or "dissolve" their loins. (Haydock)

Tower; or rather (Calmet) Hebrew and Septuagint, "from Magdol to Syene." (Haydock) --- This was on the frontiers of Ethiopia, below the cataracts. (Pliny, [Natural History?] v. 9.)

Years, till the third of Cyrus, who gave liberty to all the captives at the beginning of his reign, ver. 13. (Calmet) --- Amasis reigned forty-four years in Lower Egypt, (Herodotus iii. 10.) over the few whom Nabuchodonosor spared.

Low. The Jews were not more tempted to apply to them for aid. (Calmet) --- Amasis strove to shake off the yoke: but Cambyses came and slew many. Psammenites killed himself; (Herodotus iii. 9.) or was taken to Susa, and the country laid waste. (Ctesias) --- Egypt has almost ever since been subject to foreign princes, (Haydock) Persians, Greeks, Romans, Saracens, Mamelukes, and Turks. The trade of Egypt, by caravans, was in a manner destroyed for forty years by Nabuchodonosor, whose victories Megesthenes and Berosus attest 300 years before Christ. (Watson)

Year: fifteen (Calmet) or seventeen years after the preceding prophecy, (ver. 1.; Worthington) but on the same subject.

Peeled, with carrying machines of war and burdens for thirteen years. --- No reward worth the labour. The new city surrendered upon terms, (Calmet) or the citizens shipped off their most valuable goods, and retired to Carthage, &c. God gives a temporal reward for moral virtues, (St. Jerome) even to infidels. (Worthington) --- Thus he rewarded the ancient Romans, and the midwives. (St. Augustine, City of God v. 12.; and St. Thomas Aquinas, [Summa Theologiae] i. 2. q. 114. a. 10.) --- They had no intention of pleasing God, (Calmet) or of directing their labours for his service. (Haydock)

Horn: Zorobabel; (St. Jerome) Jechonias, who was honoured by Evil-merodac; (Tirinus) or Daniel and Mardochai, with all the nation. --- Month. Thou shalt speak boldly, and they will give credit to thee henceforward. (Calmet)